High resolution seabed data are a priority for Australia including marine parks of the Temperate East. From small, on-shelf (4km2: Cod Grounds) areas to expansive offshore domains (~188,000km2: Norfolk), to date, mapping effort has achieved ~33% of the network’s seabed (5-50m resolution). Solitary Islands (152 km2) surveys recently completed 100% coverage that, combined with towed-video/sediment sampling, provided the network’s first park-wide maps of benthic landforms, sediments, and biodiversity.
The north is dominated by peaks/reefs, while the mid and south have large areas of planar seabed and mobile sand-wave fields of high-variability backscatter. Mesophotic reefs are dominated by sponges followed by black/octocorals then bryozoans with diversity/density generally greatest in the north. For corals, branching 2D/3D-branching-forms dominated northern reefs, with hydroids, 3D-branching & stony forms more common in the central/south.
Sedimentary units, like elsewhere in NSW, transition with increased depth and distance-from-shore, from pockets of fine sands (outer nearshore zone), through lenses of medium-coarse grained inner-shelf sands/gravels, to fine muddy sands in the low-slope/energy inner-mid shelf. Carbonates (%) typically increased within the inner-shelf sands, and nearer to reefs. The distribution of soft sediment features is likely related to complex oceanography associated with the displacement of EAC-associated water masses around the park’s islands.