Ocean-based Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) has great potential due to its durability and capacity and may be achieved through a range of approaches (e.g., enhancement of the oceans biotic and/or abiotic carbon cycles). To utilise the oceans for long-term carbon storage, however, requires the development of novel approaches to increase ocean storage with minimal adverse impacts. Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) is one approach to CDR that may have the co-benefit of relieving ocean acidification. This presentation will review the state of research on OAE including different techniques, requirements and challenges for monitoring, reporting and verification, including assessments of environmental impacts. Recent OAE advances in the international community will be presented, and emerging research and opportunities in Australia will be highlighted.