Oyster reefs are Australia’s most endangered marine ecosystem. When oyster reef restoration projects are upscaled to form reefs arrays, it is common to observe reef units added in simple linear patterns to increase available substrate. However, these reefs do not reflect the seemingly irregular arrays that naturally form. While we know that greater spatial complexity can enhance the resilience of oyster reefs, our understanding of how environmental factors relate to the reef complexity is limited. We used high-resolution satellite and drone imagery of 36 sites along the coast of New South Wales at a resolution of 7-15cm to determine the spatial complexity of oyster reefs and explore how environmental variables influence this complexity. A range of models, including deep learning and image classification, were used to identify oyster reefs from aerial imagery. The fractal dimension of the reefs was then calculated, with a higher dimension indicating higher complexity. We compared these results to environmental factors, including wave height, tidal variation, and sedimentation to explore how they relate to the spatial complexity of the reefs. The goal of this research is to improve restoration methods so that reefs are deployed in ways that better resemble their natural formation under local conditions.